Perimenopause can be a smooth transition... or it can dramatically disrupt your daily life. To help make sense of this period of your life, we take a look at the symptoms associated with it, and what solutions are available to help you get through this natural phase of female ageing.
What is perimenopause?
Perimenopause corresponds to the years prior to the complete stopping of menstruation. With oestrogen and progesterone levels fluctuating, the ovaries ovulate irregularly. This transition period is often accompanied by mood swings, hot flashes, sleep disturbances, as well as less predictable menstrual periods and cycles. This is a natural phase in the life of any woman who has had periods of ovulation.
What's the difference between perimenopause and premenopause?
We sometimes use "premenopause" to refer to the onset of perimenopause when symptoms are not as obvious and cycles are still regular. In practice, the term "perimenopause" is used as soon as symptoms and irregularities set in.
Points to remember:
- Premenopause = onset of symptoms.
- Perimenopause = active transition and increase in symptoms.
What's the difference between perimenopause and menopause?
Menopause is confirmed after 12 consecutive months without menstruation. Perimenopause, however, leads to menopause and can last several years. To delve deeper into the subject and better experience this stage, check out our article How to live a smooth transition to menopause.
Did you know?
Fluctuating hormones can affect mental health: anxiety, brain fog, reduced libido, headaches, heart palpitations or persistent fatigue can all occur. Having a better understanding of the effects of menopause on the brain helps preserve women's quality of life.
At what age can perimenopause begin?
Most people living through this period notice signs between the ages of 40 and 50, and sometimes as early as their late 30s. Age varies according to heredity, lifestyle, certain daily habits (smoking, stress, sleep), and your general state of health.
What is early perimenopause?
Early perimenopause is when symptoms appear before the age of 40. Risk factors include a family history of premature menopause, ovarian surgery, autoimmune diseases and smoking. An appointment with a doctor or healthcare professional is important in order to rule out other causes and discuss treatment options.
How long does perimenopause last?
Duration varies from person to person: from 2 to 10 years on average. Symptoms can come in waves, between periods of calm. Even after menopause, certain symptoms (e.g., hot flushes, vaginal dryness) may persist for some time.
How is perimenopause diagnosed?
Are you experiencing symptoms of perimenopause? Don't panic... here are 4 essential steps to help you through this period:
- Spot the signs and follow the cycles
Identify common symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats, fatigue, sleep disturbances, mood changes, brain fog, vaginal dryness, joint pain). Note irregular menstrual cycles as well as changes in duration or abundance. Keep a symptom diary, and, if necessary, use a cycle-tracking application to objectivize frequency and intensity. - First of all, check with your pharmacist
Your Jean Coutu-affiliated pharmacist can review your medications to screen for interactions that aggravate insomnia, anxiety or hot flashes. In some cases, your pharmacist may refer you for a medical consultation if tests or examinations are required. - Consult for targeted investigations as needed
Diagnosis is clinical and primarily aimed at ruling out other causes. Depending on age, risk factors and symptoms, your doctor may order more in-depth tests (ultrasound, biopsy, blood test, etc.). - Set up a follow-up and adjust it over time
Review your symptom diary every 6 to 12 weeks to assess progress and impact on your quality of life. Depending on the results and your preferences, discuss hormonal or non-hormonal options and lifestyle habits that may provide relief.
What are the symptoms of perimenopause?
- hot flashes;
- night sweats;
- sleep issues;
- irregular menstrual cycles;
- more pronounced PMS (premenstrual syndrome);
- fatigue;
- anxiety;
- brain fog;
- mood swings;
- vaginal dryness;
- decreased libido;
- joint pain;
- headaches;
- heart palpitations;
- urinary disorders (e.g., more frequent urinary tract infections);
- changes in vaginal discharge;
- weight gain or loss;
- digestive discomfort linked to blood circulation and hormones.
Note that not everyone going through perimenopause will have all these symptoms. The intensity of symptoms varies based on the individual, lifestyle and overall health.
How is menstruation during the perimenopause?
Periods may become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter. It is typical for menstrual cycles to become shorter, longer or to alternate. Consult a healthcare professional or your pharmacist right away if you experience heavy bleeding, clotting, persistent spotting or bleeding after sexual intercourse. There may also be an unexpected absence of periods if pregnancy is possible.
Can you get pregnant during the perimenopause?
As long as ovulation has not completely stopped, pregnancy can occur, even with irregular cycles. If you wish to avoid pregnancy, discuss a contraceptive method suited to this transition (low-dose pill, intrauterine device, non-hormonal options). If you want to have a child, talk to your healthcare professional early enough to assess the options for a possible pregnancy.
What treatments and habits help during this transition?
- Lifestyle: a balanced diet rich in protein, fibre, calcium and vitamin D supports energy and bone health. In addition, regular physical activity (cardio + weight training) can help limit weight gain. Being active can help you cope with anxiety better. Getting a good night's sleep and going to bed at regular hours reduces fatigue and brain fog.
- Self-care: stress management techniques (breathing, yoga) can improve mental health. Wearing light, layered clothing can also help control hot flashes.
- Hormone therapies : some hormone therapies (systemic or local) can effectively relieve symptoms in women affected. The decision is made with your doctor, based on your risk factors, preferences and any possible contraindications.
- Non-hormonal options: antidepressants in low doses can relieve hot flashes. There are also treatments for urinary disorders and pain management. Again, it's strongly recommended that you discuss this with your doctor to ensure that the medication is right for you.
Perimenopause is a period of transition with variable symptoms, often manageable through adapted daily habits, and, if necessary, personalized treatments. Observing your body, noting symptoms and surrounding yourself with trusted healthcare professionals will help you get through this stage with serenity.
Remember that your Jean Coutu-affiliated pharmacist can assess your needs, recommend products, optimize your current medications and refer you to the right healthcare professionals.
