Dry eyes, or ocular dryness, is a common condition linked to insufficient tear production or quality. This imbalance causes discomfort, irritation and sometimes blurred vision. Understanding the causes and treatments can help relieve symptoms and keep your eyes comfortable throughout the day.

What is dry eye?

Dry eye occurs when tear production is insufficient or impaired. The "tear film" that nourishes the cornea is no longer able to moisten it and protect it from external threats such as debris, bacteria and dust.

Dry eye can cause uncomfortable symptoms, sometimes with a significant impact on quality of life. It is estimated that more than one in three people are affected by dry eye after the age of 50.

What causes dry eye?

Dry eye frequently has multiple causes, combining internal and external factors. Particular attention needs to be paid to triggers in order to adopt the right corrective measures.

What are the most common factors to watch out for?

• Tear production naturally decreases with age.
• Wind, heating, air conditioning and pollution can dry out the eyes.
• Looking at a screen for too long reduces blinking, which dries out the ocular surface.
• Wearing contact lenses can alter the tear film and cause dryness.
• Hormonal fluctuations linked to menopause or pregnancy influence tear production.
• Certain medications such as antihistamines, antidepressants or beta-blockers can cause dry eye.
• Systemic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes or Parkinson's may affect the quality or quantity of tears.

Our modern lifestyles, dominated by screens, are conducive to dry eye. Extensive use of technological devices reduces blinking, which dries out the surface of the eyes. This overexposure also leads to frequent eye fatigue.

What are the common symptoms and visual discomforts?

The signs of dry eye may go unnoticed at first, but then become increasingly bothersome. Here is a list of the most common visual disturbances:

• Itching;
• Sensation of burning or a foreign body;
• Redness;
• Light sensitivity;
• Reflex tearing;
• Eye irritation;

Dry eye and blurred vision: why?

Have you ever experienced blurred vision? This is one of the most disturbing symptoms of dry eye, particularly after prolonged visual activity (especially screens). This discomfort can be accompanied by reduced concentration, fatigue and a temporary feeling of fogginess.

What role do the Meibomius glands play in ocular hydration?

The Meibomius glands are the guardians of the tear film. Located in the eyelids, they produce the lipid layer of tears that limits evaporation. If these glands are obstructed, the stability of the tear film is compromised, aggravating dryness.

 

What is the best treatment for dry eye?

Artificial tears and pharmacy treatments

Artificial tears are the first response to dry eye. They come in different formulas: liquids for daily use, gels for prolonged action, and ointments for the night. Preservative-free products are preferable for frequent use.

Over-the-counter treatment for dry eyes

Many effective products are available without prescription and in-store. Nevertheless, it is important to ask your pharmacist for advice on choosing the right solution for your situation.

Natural treatment for dry eyes

Complementary approaches support conventional treatments:

• Consume omega-3s (oily fish, flaxseed);
• Use a humidifier for ambient air;
• Apply warm compresses daily;
• Cleanse eyelids with special wipes;

Treatment with contact lenses

Wearing contact lenses can accentuate dry eyes by disrupting the tear film. To reduce discomfort, it is recommended to use contact lens-compatible artificial tears that are preservative-free. Lenses designed for dry eyes, along with a good care routine, can also improve day-to-day comfort.

What technologies and medical solutions are available for dry eye?

IPL treatment: Intense Pulsed Light

IPL treatment (Intense Pulsed Light) is an advanced solution for cases of dry eye caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction. It involves applying light pulses that stimulate lipid production and reduce inflammation, with significant results after just a few sessions.

How can I sleep better at night if I have dry eyes?

As tear production is lower at night, some people suffer from dry eyes on waking. To limit this phenomenon, we recommend applying an ophthalmic gel or ointment at bedtime. Wearing moisturizing goggles can also offer added protection.

What's the best lubricant for dry eyes?

The best lubricant depends on the severity of your symptoms and your lifestyle. Liquid formulas are convenient for daytime use, while gels offer longer-lasting relief, especially at night. Choose preservative-free products for regular use.

What are the best ways to prevent dry eye?

Here are a few simple steps you can take to prevent or limit dry eye symptoms:

• Apply the 20-20-20 rule in front of the screens. To do this, pause your screen for 20 seconds every 20 minutes to look in the opposite direction, and focus your gaze on an object about 20 feet away.
• Blink voluntarily to distribute the tears.
• Avoid excessive air conditioning or heating. If the air in your home is dry, consider using a humidifier.
• Abstain from smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke.
• Wear sunglasses outdoors.
• Never use contact lenses or care products beyond the recommended or expiration date.

Can dry eye be cured?

Dry eye is not always curable, but it can be effectively controlled. By treating its causes - such as a dry environment or prolonged exposure to screens - it is often possible to reduce or eliminate symptoms. Using artificial tears and adopting preventive habits can provide lasting relief, especially with professional follow-up.

How can I hydrate my eyes without drops?

You can hydrate your eyes naturally by adopting good habits such as blinking regularly, taking screen breaks and using a humidifier. Applying warm compresses also stimulates the eyelid glands. Finally, a diet rich in omega-3s helps improve the quality of the tear film and can boost eye hydration without the need for eye drops.

Dry eye is a common but largely manageable problem. By identifying the causes and adopting a suitable treatment - whether natural, medicinal or technological - it is possible to regain lasting visual comfort.