Bismuth subsalicylate, or bismuth subsalicylate, is a drug used to relieve various symptoms of gastric discomfort, including diarrhea. In combination with other medications, it is also used to eliminate certain bacteria, such as Helicobacter, a bacterium that can lodge in the stomach. Available over the counter, bismuth may be appropriate in certain circumstances, depending on the pharmacist's recommendations.
Understanding bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate, marketed under the name Pepto-BismolMC , is a derivative of salicylic acid, giving it anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Among other things, it works by reducing intestinal secretions and creating a protective action on the stomach mucosa, which can help relieve the symptoms of gastroenteritis such as heartburn, nausea and diarrhea.
In addition to its effects on these symptoms, bismuth subsalicylate can also have an impact on the bacteria present in our digestive tract. Indeed, it is often used to eliminate Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that can cause gastric disorders, in combination with other medications.
However, although bismuth subsalicylate is used in many contexts, it is important to note that it is not without side effects. For example, it can cause darkening of the tongue and stools in some individuals.
Finally, its use can also lead to drug interactions, so it's advisable to consult your pharmacist before starting a treatment based on bismuth subsalicylate.
History of bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate has a rich history, dating back over 80 years. Its first use to treat gastrointestinal symptoms was without substantial clinical evidence, which evolved over time with new studies and research. Its use spread rapidly, thanks in particular to its presence as an active ingredient in over-the-counter medicines such as Pepto-BismolMC . Over time, bismuth subsalicylate has also been associated with a number of minor adverse events, although it was generally considered less effective than loperamide for the treatment of diarrhoea.
Bismuth subsalicylate as a medicinal product
How bismuth subsalicylate works
Bismuth subsalicylate has three main mechanisms of action. Firstly, it forms a protective barrier on the surface of the stomach and intestines, guarding against the aggression of gastric acid. This action helps relieve pain and irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Secondly, thanks to its anti-inflammatory nature, it helps reduce inflammation of the digestive system. Finally, its antibacterial properties enable it to combat certain pathogenic bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, which can cause stomach infection. In this way, it helps to eliminate these bacteria and reduce the symptoms associated with their presence.
Possible uses for bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate is used to relieve many gastrointestinal symptoms. Among the most common uses are:
- Heartburn relief: its ability to form a protective barrier on the surface of the stomach helps combat this discomfort.
- Relief from indigestion: thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties, it can help soothe the inflammation and irritation associated with this condition.
- Reducing gastric discomfort: the protective, anti-inflammatory properties of bismuth subsalicylate can help relieve pain and irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
- Reducing diarrhoea: it can help reduce the number of bowel movements and improve the subjective symptoms associated with this condition.
- Helicobacter pylori elimination: its ability to fight certain pathogenic bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, makes it a relevant choice for prescribing in combination with other drugs following diagnosis.
It is important to note that bismuth subsalicylate may interact with other drugs. It is therefore advisable to consult your pharmacist before starting treatment with this drug.
The role of bismuth subsalicylate in the relief of diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate has a specific action in the relief of diarrhea. Its antisecretory function reduces the amount of diarrhoea, particularly in travellers' diarrhoea, where it can be used to relieve symptoms in mild forms.
It acts not only by reducing the frequency of bowel movements, but also by improving the associated symptoms. Thanks to its antibacterial action, it can also help eliminate certain infectious agents responsible for diarrhea.
Nevertheless, its use must be carefully monitored. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to determine whether treatment is appropriate, and if so, the appropriate dosage and any side effects to watch out for.
Bismuth subsalicylate and gastroenteritis
Relief of symptoms of viral gastroenteritis with bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate may also help relieve some symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, also known as "stomach flu". This type of gastroenteritis is often caused by viruses such as norovirus, which are highly contagious. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, bismuth subsalicylate may help relieve symptoms such as abdominal cramps and diarrhea. However, it is essential to point out that this drug does not cure the viral infection itself.
Few studies to date have demonstrated the real efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate for viral gastroenteritis, but its possible role in bacterial gastroenteritis, such as mild traveler's diarrhea, is better established.
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting treatment with bismuth subsalicylate for viral gastroenteritis. Depending on the nature of the symptoms, it may not always be appropriate to take this type of medication for gastroenteritis.
Precautions for use of bismuth subsalicylate
Possible side effects of bismuth subsalicylate
The use of bismuth subsalicylate can cause side effects, although these are generally mild and temporary. The most common include:
- Change in stool or tongue color: Bismuth subsalicylate may cause darkening of the stool or tongue. This is generally harmless and disappears after treatment is stopped.
- Constipation: Some users may experience temporary constipation. If this symptom persists, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.
- Headaches: Although rare, headaches can occur. If this symptom is intense or persistent, medical consultation is recommended.
In rare cases, more serious side effects may occur, requiring immediate medical attention.
Drug interactions with bismuth subsalicylate
The use of bismuth subsalicylate can interact with other drugs, altering their efficacy or causing undesirable side effects. There are many possible interactions.
Drugs that may interact with bismuth subsalicylate :
- Certain antibiotics
- Certain anticoagulants
- Certain cortisones
- Certain treatments for chronic conditions, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism
It is therefore crucial to always check with a healthcare professional before starting any treatment with bismuth subsalicylate, especially if you are already taking other medications. This will help avoid possible harmful drug interactions.
Contraindications of bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate is not recommended for certain individuals. People allergic to salicylate or with a history of Reye's syndrome should avoid this drug.
- Children and teenagers with symptoms of influenza or chickenpox should not use it because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, a serious illness.
- People with stomach ulcers, kidney failure, bleeding or clotting problems should consult a health care professional before taking this medication.
- Pregnant or breast-feeding women should also consult a healthcare professional before using bismuth subsalicylate, as it is contraindicated in the vast majority of cases.
- It is also not recommended for those with an allergy or intolerance to aspirin.
This drug may interact with other medications, so it's essential to speak to a pharmacist before starting treatment.
Treatment of diarrhea in children with bismuth subsalicylate
Use of bismuth subsalicylate in children
Bismuth subsalicylate should be used with caution in children. Because it is derived from salicylic acid, it is not recommended for children and adolescents with flu or chickenpox symptoms, due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a serious illness.
- Dosage varies according to the reason for administration and the child's age.
- It's also important to note that bismuth subsalicylate can cause temporary black discoloration of the tongue in some children.
It is always preferable to consult a healthcare professional before administering bismuth subsalicylate to a child.
Efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in children
The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in children remains a subject of debate among healthcare professionals. While the drug has been shown to reduce stool counts and improve symptoms in some patients with traveler's diarrhea, its use in gastroenteritis-related diarrhea is not as well established. It is essential to note that some organizations, such as ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), do not recommend bismuth subsalicylate for children, due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Advice on using bismuth subsalicylate
When administering bismuth subsalicylate, certain practices can optimize its efficacy and minimize side effects.
Follow dosage instructions: Always follow the recommended dosage on the product packaging or as prescribed by your healthcare professional. Overdose can cause serious side effects.
Consult your pharmacist before use: Your pharmacist will be able to determine whether this is the right product for you based on your symptoms, or if he or she has something better to recommend.
Take with or without food: Bismuth subsalicylate can be taken with or without food. However, if taking the drug causes stomach upset, it can be taken with food or milk.
Do not combine with certain medications: Avoid taking bismuth subsalicylate without consulting your pharmacist first. It is important that your pharmacist verify the compatibility of bismuth with your prescription or over-the-counter medications.
Store at room temperature: Store bismuth subsalicylate at room temperature, away from heat, moisture and sunlight.
Do not use after expiration date: Be sure to check the expiration date before using. Do not use if expired.
Consult a physician if symptoms persist: If symptoms persist for more than 48 hours or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
If you have any doubts or questions, please consult your pharmacist.
